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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="pharmaceutical-sciences" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Open Science Publishers LLP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url">https://doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2023.13801</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Pharmaceutical Sciences</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and its Drivers: A Potential Threat to Human and Animal Health in the Context of Nepal&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Chudamani</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Raman</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shrestha</surname><given-names>Bishal</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Chaturanand</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kushwaha</surname><given-names>Rajesh Pd.</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yadav</surname><given-names>Mandira</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>)</volume><issue/><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious and sensitive threats to human and animal health issue from successive decades of rapidly rises that has develop several antibiotics access from modern medicine ineffective in response to common infections. Prevalent application of antimicrobials in agriculture, improper disposal of antimicrobials, and waste-water discharges from pharmaceutical manufacturing sites, health facilities, farms, and slaughterhouses distributed resistant pathogens into the environment. Several problems are associated through AMR within reduces the effectiveness of treatment, increases the costs of health care, jeopardizes health-care gains to society, risk of death, threatens health security, and damages trade and economies.&#13;
Aims: Nepal requires a National Action Plan (NAP) to control and regulate the issue of AMR via a __ampersandsignlsquo;One Health__ampersandsignrsquo; approach within the increasing burden of AMR and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs).&#13;
Methods: According to current evaluation report, in 2019, 1.27 million deaths were directly concerned to medicine resistant infections globally which was projected by the WHO and UN.&#13;
Results: Several actions i.e. AMR stewardship, AMR surveillance, AMR awareness programme, management of several environmental drivers (i.e., antimicrobials, pharmaceuticals wastes, biocides, metals, micro plastics, potentially toxic substances, etc.) are undertaken to regulate the risk of AMR by the Government of Nepal within different strategies via different hospitals and laboratories and the reports are estimated by the different regulatory bodies i.e., Global Action Plan (GAP), NAP, DDA, Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), National health policy, National Drug Policy and others.&#13;
Conclusion: All the people have to be wisely understand about the application of scientific approach to assessment of AMR and ARGs regarding environmental drivers which are extremely future threats to the human, animal and environmental health.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Antimicrobial Resistance</kwd><kwd> Environmental Drivers</kwd><kwd> Health issue</kwd><kwd> Infections</kwd><kwd> Pathogens</kwd><kwd> Global Action Plan</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
