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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="healthcare" lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">IJCRR</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">I Journ Cur Res Re</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Current Research and Review</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">I Journ Cur Res Re</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn><issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Open Science Publishers LLP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi"/><article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Healthcare</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>EFFECT OF KETOROLAC ON OPIOID INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION IN RATS&#13;
</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S.V.</surname><given-names>Banode</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A.S.</surname><given-names>Borkar</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>R.T.</surname><given-names>Badwaik</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>03</volume><issue>03</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Objective: To explore the antinociceptive effects of combination of ketorolac with different opioids in central and visceral nociception. Methods: Tail flick method and writhing method were used as animal models of central and visceral nociception, respectively. Results: Coadministration of subeffective doses of combination of ketorolac (10mg/kg) with different opioids (morphine 1.5mg/kg, pethidine 10mg/kg, fentanyl 20__ampersandsignmicro;g/kg, buprenorphine 0.05mg/kg, and tramadol 10mg/kg) increased pain threshold (percentage analgesia) in tail flick method and decreased the number of writhes (increased percentage inhibition) in writhing method significantly. Ketorolac fentanyl combination in subeffective doses was more effective in enhancing the pain threshold, producing highly significant antinociceptive effect (93.33% analgesia) in tail flick method whereas the combination of subeffective doses of ketorolac and tramadol produced highly significant effect (88.99% inhibition) in writhing method. Conclusion: The present study suggests that coadministration of ketorolac with fentanyl produces the maximum analgesia in central pain model whereas ketorolac tramadol combination is more effective in visceral pain. In clinical practice this would allow use of combination for effective analgesia according to the type of pain.&#13;
</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd> ketorolac</kwd><kwd> opioid</kwd><kwd> tail flick</kwd><kwd> writhing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article>
