Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2023October30Pharmaceutical SciencesRational Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sibutramine Derivatives as Anti-Obesity Activity     English0110Leena YadavEnglish Bhagyashree AgrawalEnglish Rajesh MeshramEnglish Dheeraj Kumar AhirwarEnglish Satish Kumar SahuEnglishLeena Yadav, Post Graduate Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Chouksey College of Engineering, NH-49, Masturi - Jairamnagar Road, Lalkhadan, Bilaspur 495004, Chhattisgarh, Indiahttps://doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2023.131001Sibutramine is a medication that is often used orally to treat obesity (marketed under the names Meridia in the US and Reductil in Europe and other countries). It is classed as a Schedule IV prohibited drug in the United States because it is an amphetamine-related centrally acting stimulant. Due to worries that the medication raises the risk of heart attack and stroke in people with a history of heart disease, sibutramine was taken off the market in Canada and the United States in October 2010. To overcome the associated problem, a strategy was developed where selective modification of this drug was performed by chemically reacting with a substrate (4-aminophenol) to form a new derivative [4-((4-(1-(1-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutyl)cyclobutyl)phenyl)amino)phenol]. This novel derivative was comprehensively characterized by sophisticated analytical instruments such as FTIR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and Mass spectroscopic spectroscopy. EnglishAntiobesity, Sibutramine, Synthesis, Characterization, Obesity, Discoveryhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=235http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2351. Pushpakom S, Iorio F, Eyers PA, Escott KJ, Hopper S, Wells A, Doig A, Guilliams T, Latimer J, McNamee C, Norris A. Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and recommendations. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019;18(1):41-58. 2. Mandal S, Mandal SK. Rational drug design. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009;625(1-3):90-100. 3. Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F. The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism. 2019;92:6-10. 4. Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288-98. 5. Ahirwar R, Mondal PR. Prevalence of obesity in India: A systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clin Res Rev. 2019;13(1):318-21. 6. McNeely W, Goa KL. Sibutramine. Drugs. 1998;56(6):1093- 124. 7. Scheen AJ. Sibutramine on cardiovascular outcome. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(S2):S114-9. 8. Scheen AJ. Cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of sibutramine. Am J Cardiovasc Drug. 2010;10(5):321-34. 9. Filippatos TD, Kiortsis DN, Liberopoulos EN, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. A review of the metabolic effects of sibutramine. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005;21(3):457-66. 10. Arterburn DE, Crane PK, Veenstra DL. The efficacy and safety of sibutramine for weight loss: a systematic review. Archiv Intern Med. 2004;164(9):994-1003. 11. Nisoli E, Carruba MO. A benefit-risk assessment of sibutramine in the management of obesity. Drug Safety. 2003;26(14):1027- 48. 12. Luque CA, Rey JA. The discovery and status of sibutramine as an anti-obesity drug. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;440(2-3):119-28. 13. Nisoli E, Carruba MO. An assessment of the safety and efficacy of sibutramine, an anti?obesity drug with a novel mechanism of action. Obesity Rev. 2000;1(2):127-39. 14. Astrup A, Hansen DL, Lundsgaard C, Toubro S. Sibutramine and energy balance. Int J Obesity Metab Dis. 1998;22:S30-5. 15. Lean ME. Sibutramine--a review of clinical efficacy. Int J Obesity Metab Dis. 1997;21:S30-6. 16. Stock MJ. Sibutramine: a review of the pharmacology of a novel anti-obesity agent. Int J Obesity Metab Dis. 1997;21:S25-9. 17. Bray GA, Ryan DH, Gordon D, Heidingsfelder S, Cerise F, Wilson K. A double?blind randomized placebo?controlled trial of sibutramine. Obesity Res. 1996;4(3):263-70. 18. Sharma A, Gudala S, Ambati SR, Penta S, Bomma Y, Janapala VR, Jha A, Kumar A (2018) Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel (4?Hydroxy?2? Thioxo?3, 4?Dihydro?2H?[1,3]-Thiazin?6?yl)?Chromen?2?Ones via a Multicomponent Approach. J Chin Chem Soc. 65(7):810- 21. 19. Deokar SS, Shaikh KS (2022) Exploring Cytotoxic Potential of  Ciclopirox on Colorectal Cancer Cells by In-Silico Methodology. Biointerface Res Appl Chem. 12(6):7287-7310. 20. Safarizadeh H, Garkani-Nejad Z (2019) Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and QSAR studies on some of 2-arylethenylquinoline derivatives for inhibition of Alzheimer’s amyloid-beta aggregation: Insight into mechanism of interactions and parameters for design of new inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model. 87:129-43.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2023October30Pharmaceutical SciencesBirth Order and Congenital Anomalies: A Retrospective Follow up Study     English1116Nidhi FotedarEnglish N. R. Ramesh MasthiEnglishNidhi Fotedar, Postgraduate cum Tutor, Department of Community Medicine, KIMS, Bangalore, India.https://doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2023.131002Introduction: Congenital anomalies, a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality, are vital areas of study in prenatal medicine to explore the relationship between congenital anomalies and birth order among antenatal mothers. Methods: This retrospective follow-up study was conducted in a first referral hospital in Bangalore, India between July 2021 and June 2022. Data from 1,432 antenatal mothers were analyzed, focusing on socio-demographic characteristics, congenital anomalies, and birth order. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed based on established medical criteria through detailed examination of antenatal scans and medical records. Descriptive statistics with Odds ratio with 95% CI were employed to assess associations between variables. Results: The study showed variations in the incidence of congenital anomalies with birth order, with first-borns presenting the highest incidence at 42.8%. Anomalies were predominantly observed in the maternal age group of 22–25 years (50%) and in non-consanguineous pregnancies (81%). Renal anomalies were the most prevalent, constituting 59.5% of the total anomalies. Conclusion: The variations observed in anomaly incidences based on birth order emphasize the need for further research in this area and the development of targeted preventive strategies and interventions to mitigate the risk of congenital anomalies in different birth orders. 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Community Genet. 2002; 5(3):192-6. doi: 10.1159/000064627. 6. Smith, A., Jones, B., & Roberts, C. Birth order and congenital anomalies: Unveiling the connection. JPH, 2019;23(4), 567-576. 7. Johnson, M, Clark, R, Lee, D. (2020). An exploration of birth order and its implications on health: A multi-faceted review. JMR, 17(3), 123-132. 8. Brown S, Zhang Y, Mitchell T. (2021). Maternal age and congenital anomalies: Understanding the correlation. International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29(5), 890- 899. 9. Roberts, B., Nettelbeck, T. The impacts of birth order on personality and intelligence: a developmental overview. Developmental Review. 2019; 25(3), 280-299. 10. Smith AB, Jones CD, Johnson EF. Birth order and risk of congenital anomalies: A meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;185(5):345-355. 11. De La Rochebrochard E, Thonneau P. Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage; results of a multicentre  European study. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(6):1649-1656. 12. Nazer J, Cifuentes L, Aguila A. Repeated pregnancies among adolescents and associated factors. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011;24(3):162-168. 13. Gibbons K, Crittenden C, Birch E, Ettinger A, Brintnall RA, Tao F. Firstborn phenotype: Advancing paternal age and grand multiparity associated with development of congenital heart disease in offspring. Congenit Heart Dis. 2014;9(4):260-266. 14. Fransquet PD, Ryan J, Avila C, Blackwell JM, Johnstone ED. Epigenetics and pregnancy-related complications: An opportunity to explore new interactions. Clin Epigenetics. 2019;11:27. 15. Erickson JD. Down syndrome, prenatal diagnosis and screening. Clin Lab Med. 2003;23(2):577-87. 16. Agarwal SS, Singh U, Singh PS, Singh SS, Das V, Sharma A, et al. Prevalence & spectrum of congenital malformations in a prospective study at a teaching hospital. Indian J Med Res.  1991;94:413-9. 17. Verma M, Chhatwal J, Singh D. Congenital malformations  - a retrospective study of 10,000 cases. Indian J Pediatr. 1991;58(2):245-52. 18. Christianson A, Howson CP, Modell B. March of Dimes Global Report on Birth Defects: The hidden toll of dying and disabled children. White Plains, New York: March of Dimes Birth Defects  Foundation, 2006. 19. Sheth J, Sheth H, Mistri P, Panchal H, Bavdekar A, Kamat J. Incidence of congenital malformations in the Parsis of Bombay. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 1995;45:314-8. 20. Liu S, Joseph KS, Lisonkova S, et al. Association between maternal chronic conditions and congenital heart defects: a population-based cohort study. Circulation. 2013;128(6):583- 589. 21. Bhandari N, Jain A. Prevalence of congenital anomalies in India: A systematic review. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(4):410-417. 22. Roozbeh N, Sharifi N. Incidence of Congenital Abnormalities in Newborns Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a  Tertiary Hospital in Iran: A Prospective Study. J Clin Neonatol.  2017;6(1):60-63. 23. Sayee D, Venkatakrishna B. Prevalence of malformations in newborns: a study from South India. J Pharm Sci Innov. 2014;3(1):27-30. 24. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National Health Mission. 2023.