Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2022June22HealthcareUnderstanding the Emerging Perspectives of Taste Masking of Bitter Drugs for Enhancing Patient Compliance: A Bird’s Eye Review English0109Shweta BhakareEnglish Ajay G. PiseEnglishDr. Ajay G. Pise, Professor, Department of Quality Assurance, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 440037, Maharashtra, India.http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2022.12602Scientists struggle to conceal the bitterness of medications. Many oral medicines and bulking agents are bitter. Bitterness masking is vital for patient compliance. Many formulations with increased performance and acceptance have been developed to improve palatability. The disagreeable taste of formulation has been disguised by sensory, barrier, chemical, and complexity methods. Taste is acknowledged as a crucial component in patient compliance, especially in youngsters, where acceptability and hence ease of administration may be considerably altered. The methods used to hide the taste of medications are detailed in this review. Taste is a key factor in oral product adoption. Many oral medications, foods, and bulking agents have unpleasant bitter flavours. Oral administration of bitter medications is a major concern for health care practitioners, particularly for juvenile patients. Masking a drug’s disagreeable taste increases patient compliance and thereby profits. Various known procedures have been used to remove or reduce the bitterness of these medications, but no generally applicable methodology has been identified. EnglishTaste masking, Tongue, Drug, Patient compliance, Techniques, Technologyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=204http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=204

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2022June22HealthcareThe Contribution of Hydatid Serology in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hydatid Cyst in the Parasitology and Mycology Department at the Avicenna Military Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco English1013Jihane OUSSAGAEnglish Zineddine ET-TAHOURIEnglish Badre Eddine LMIMOUNIEnglish Mohamed SBAIEnglish El Mostafa EL MEZOUARIEnglish Redouane MOUTAJEnglishDr. Zineddine ET-TAHOURI, Laboratory Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Military Avicenna Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Marrakesh, Morocco http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2022.12601Introduction: Hydatid disease is also known as cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by a parasitic infection. CE is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Humans are accidental intermediate hosts and they get infected following the accidental ingestion of Echinococcus granulosus eggs. Usually, the disease is diagnosed regarding clinical history, serology and imaging. Aims: To evaluate the contribution of Hydatid serology in the diagnosis and monitoring of Hydatid cysts in the parasitology and mycology department at the AMH of Marrakesh, Morocco. Material and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of Hydatid serology in the diagnosis and monitoring of Hydatid cysts in the parasitology and mycology department at the Avicenna Military Hospital (AMH) of Marrakesh, Morocco. A retrospective study among 62 suspected cases from January 2018-December 2020 was conducted. Results: The ELISA test was used for serology. Out of the 62 cases, 23 (37%) were seropositive. Most of the seropositive cases had an average age of 38 years and were from rural areas, 86.5%. The liver was the most affected organ, 56.5%, and hypochondriac pain was the most prevalent symptom, 62.7%. Otherwise, the false-negative cases for the ELISA test were high implying the test had low sensitivity and specificity. Otherwise, the ELISA test can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of Hydatid disease. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst is relatively common in Morocco with significant morbidity and mortality and timely detection is imperative towards management and preventive efforts. English Hydatic cyst, Hydatid disease, Echinococcus granulosus, cystic echinococcosis, ELISA test, preventionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=205http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2051. Zhang W, Wen H, Li J, Lin R, McManus DP. Immunology and immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: an update. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:101895. doi:10.1155/2012/101895. 2. Sarkari B, Rezaei Z. Immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease: Where do we stand? World J Methodol. 2015;5(4):185- 195. Published 2015 Dec 26. doi:10.5662/wjm. v5.i4.185. 3. Sadjjadi SM, Sedaghat F, Hosseini SV, Sarkari B. 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Trop Parasitol. 2012;2(1):38-44. doi:10.4103/2229-5070.97238. 8. Akbulut S, Yavuz R, Sogutucu N, Bulent K, Sinan H, Ayhan S et al. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: Report of an undiagnosed case of pancreatic hydatid cyst and brief literature review. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2014;6(10):190-200. doi:10.4240/wjgs. v6.i10.190. 9. Orhun A, Müller-Stöver I, Holtfreter MC, Dedelen H, Häussinger D, Richter J. Epidemiologisch-klinische Charakteristika von Patientenmitzystischer Echinokokkose [Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with echinococcosis - management in an infectiological service in Germany]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2012;137(20):1039-1044. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1304951. 10. Siracusano A, Bruschi F. Cystic echinococcosis: progress and limits in epidemiology and immunodiagnosis. Parassitologia. 2006;48(1-2):65-66. 11. Botezatu C, Mastalier B, Patrascu T. Hepatic hydatid cyst - diagnosis and treatment algorithm [published correction appears in J Med Life. 2018 Oct-Dec;11(4):394]. J Med Life. 2018;11(3):203-209. doi:10.25122/jml-2018-0045. 12. Tawfeek GM, Elwakil HS, El-Hosseiny L, Thabet HS, Sarhan RM, Awad NS et al. Comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of crude sheep hydatid cyst fluid, purified antigen B and its subunit (12 Kda), assessed by ELISA, in the diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Parasitol Res. 2011;108(2):371- 376. doi:10.1007/s00436-010-2074-9. 13. Keong B, Wilkie B, Sutherland T, Fox A. Hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Australia: an update on diagnosis and management. ANZ J Surg. 2018;88(1-2):26-31. doi:10.1111/ ans.14117. 14. Wu Y, Gong J, Xiong W, Yu X, Lu X. Primary pancreatic hydatid cyst: a case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21(1):164. Published 2021 Apr 13. doi:10.1186/s12876- 021-01753-1. 15. Rahimi H, Sadjjadi S, Sarkari B. Performance of antigen B isolated from different hosts and cyst locations in diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Iran J Parasitol. 2011;6(1):12-19