Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2019April5HealthcareEnzymosomes: Novel Targeted Enzyme Delivery System English0111Shilpa A. PiseEnglish Ajay G. PiseEnglishAjay G. Pise, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, M.S., India. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2019.9101The purpose of the study is to develop enzymosomes as a novel site-specific medicine delivery technique. Enzymosomes take use of an enzyme’s unique properties, which include the ability to bind to a specific substrate at a controlled rate and catalyse the product synthesis process. When an enzyme is covalently bonded to the surface of liposomes/lipid vesicles, enzymosomes are generated. Enzymes are connected via acylation, direct conjugation, physical adsorption, and encapsulation strategies to create enzymosomes with customized activity. Such innovative drug delivery systems exhibit effective drug release while decreasing the unfavorable side effects of previous treatment methods, leading in better long-term illness therapy. They might be a viable option to gout treatment, antiplatelet therapy, and other conventional therapies. Enzymosomes are supramolecular vesicular delivery methods that have recently been created and may enhance medication targeting, physicochemical properties, and hence bioavailability in pharmaceutics. It illustrates that drugs with a narrow precision have good benefits because targeting their site of action improves their overall pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. It also improves half-life and achieves enzyme activity on particular places, such as malignant cells, by reducing alterations in normal enzymatic activity. EnglishNovel drug delivery systems, Enzymosomes, Drug carriers, Preparation, Characterization, Applicationshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=202http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2021. Vingerhoeds MH, Haisma HJ, Belliot SO, Smit RH, Crommelin DJ, Storm G. Immunoliposomes as enzyme-carriers (immuno-enzymosomes) for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT): optimization of prodrug activating capacity. Pharm Res. 1996;13(4):604-10. 2. Vale CA, Corvo ML, Martins LC, Marques CR, Storm G, Cruz ME, Martins MB. Construction of Enzymosomes: Optimization of coupling parameters. Nanotech. 2006;6:7-11. 3. Corvo ML, Marinho HS, Marcelino P, Lopes RM, Vale CA, Marques CR, Martins LC, Laverman P, Storm G, Martins MB. Superoxide dismutase enzymosomes: carrier capacity optimization, in vivo behaviour and therapeutic activity. Pharm Res. 2015;32(1):91-102. 4. Hundekar YR, Nanjwade BK, Mohamied AS, Idris NF, Srichana T. Nanomedicine to tumor by enzymosomes. J Nanotechnol Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015;2:004. 5. Gaspar MM, Martins MB, Corvo ML, Cruz ME. Design and characterization of enzymosomes with surface-exposed superoxide dismutase. Biochimica Biophysica Acta. 2003;1609(2):211-7. 6. Tan Q, Zhang J, Wang N, Li X, Xiong H, Teng Y, He D, Wu J, Zhao C, Yin H, Zhang L. Uricase from Bacillus fastidious loaded in alkaline enzymosomes: enhanced biochemical and pharmacological characteristics in hypouricemic rats. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;82(1):43-8. 7. Vingerhoeds M, Haisma HJ, Van Muijen M, Van de Rijt RB, Crommelin DJ, Storm G. A new application for liposomes in cancer therapy: Immunoliposomes bearing enzymes (immuno? enzymosomes) for site?specific activation of prodrugs. FEBS Lett. 1993;336(3):485-90. 8. Tan QY, Zhang JQ, Wang N, Yang H, Li X, Xiong HR, Wu JY, Zhao CJ, Wang H, Yin HF. Improved biological properties and hypouricemic effects of uricase from Candida utilis loaded in novel alkaline enzymosomes. Int J Nanomed. 2012;7:3929-38. 9. Shefrin S, Sreelaxmi CS, Vijayan V, Nair SC. Enzymosomes: a rising effectual tool for targeted drug delivery system. Int J Appl Pharm. 2017;9(6):1-9. 10. Gaspar MM, Boerman OC, Laverman P, Corvo ML, Storm G, Cruz ME. Enzymosomes with surface-exposed superoxide dismutase: in vivo behaviour and therapeutic activity in a model of adjuvant arthritis. J Contr Rel. 2007;117(2):186-95. 11. Chaikof EL, Haller CA, Cui W, Wen J, Robson SC. CD39 enzymosomes inhibit platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. J Surg Res. 2006;130(2):234-5. 12. Skólmowska M, Kmie? M. Antioxidant enzymosomes - properties and application antioxidant enzymosomes - properties and application. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2011;65:640-4. 13. Fonseca MJ, Haisma HJ, Klaassen S, Vingerhoeds MH, Storm G. Design of immuno-enzymosomes with maximum enzyme targeting capability: effect of the enzyme density on the enzyme targeting capability and cell binding properties. Biochimica Biophysica Acta. 1999;1419(2):272-82. 14. Zhou Y, Zhang M, He D, Hu X, Xiong H, Wu J, Zhu B, Zhang J. Uricase alkaline enzymosomes with enhanced stabilities and anti-hyperuricemia effects induced by favorable microenvironmental changes. Sci Rep. 2016;6 (1):1-5. 15. Storm G, Vingerhoeds MH, Crommelin DJ, Haisma HJ. Immunoliposomes bearing enzymes (immuno-enzymosomes) for site-specific activation of anticancer prodrugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1997;24(2-3):225-31. 16. Marcelino P, Marinho HS, Campos MC, Neves AR, Real C, Fontes FS, Carvalho A, Feio G, Martins MB, Corvo ML. Therapeutic activity of superoxide dismutase-containing enzymosomes on rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury followed by magnetic resonance microscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017;109:464-71.