Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2014December13HealthcareCORRELATION BETWEEN TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α, INTERLEUKIN-1 AND INTERLEUKIN-6 SERUM LEVEL AND PAIN SEVERITY IN CHRONIC TENSION TYPE HEADACHE PATIENTS English0105Aldy S. RambeEnglish Hasan SjahrirEnglish Moh. Hasan MachfoedEnglish Darulkutni NasutionEnglishAim: Experimental studies suggest that central sensitization plays important role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Studies on pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α serum levels during headache attack showed inconsistent results. This study was aimed to see the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 in patients with CTTH and its correlation with pain intensity. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Adam Malik Hospital and Bukit Barisan II Army Hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 after approved by the Ethics Committee for Health Research University of North Sumatera School of Medicine. The subjects were recruited consecutively from study population and agree to participate in this study. Diagnosis of CTTH was conducted through anamnesis, physical and neurological examination and based on the diagnostic criteria as stated in the ICH X. Subjects underwent physical and neurological examination, including assessment of pain intensity by using the Numeric Rating Scale ( NRS ) for pain. Furthermore, venous blood was taken to measure serum levels of TNF-α , IL-1, and IL-6. Results: The mean of TNF-α serum level is 1.81528 pg/dl (SD ± 0.890686), whereas the mean of IL–1 serum level is 0.20226 pg/dl (SD ± 0.193930), and the mean value of IL-6 serum level is 1.45089 pg/dl (SD ± 1.189502). There was very weak positive correlation (r=0.035) and non-significant (p=0.806) between NRS scores and TNF-α serum levels. There was a nonsignificant (p=0.793) and very weak negative correlation (r =-0037) between NRS scores and IL-1 serum level. NRS scores have a very weak negative correlation (r=-0.107) and also not statistically significant (p=0.447) with IL-6 serum level. Conclusions: Previous studies showed a positive correlation between NRS score and levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. The higher NRS score, the higher serum level of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6. This study shows weak negative correlation between NRS scores and IL-1 and IL-6 serum level. A positive weak correlation only found between NRS scores and TNF-α serum level. All of these correlations were statistically nonsignificant. These findings perhaps because the sample from serum did not describe the biological mechanisms that occur in the brain. EnglishChronic tension-type headache, Cytokines, TNF-?, IL-1, IL-6http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=198http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=198

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN-0001November30HealthcareSCREENING FOR COGNITIVE DEFICIT AMONG INMATES OF AN OLD AGE HOME IN KERALA English0609Saritha Susan VargeseEnglish P. GopalakrishnanEnglish Swati PatkiEnglish Harsha C.H.English Raju AntonyEnglishDementia is described as various symptoms of cognitive deficit of the brain in the elderly. It is a major public health problem worldwide. The prevalence of dementia is increasing with ageing among the world population. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in people aged 65years and older. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of cognitive deficit among inmates of an old age home and socio-demographic factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen and detect the prevalence of cognitive deficit in institutionalized elderly by using Mini-Mental State Examination chart. Results: Among the 30 inmates studied, 18 (60%) were found to have cognitive impairment of which 5 (16.7%) had mild, 10 (33.3%) had moderate and 3(10%) had severe impairment. Cognitive impairment was significantly higher among those above 60 years, p value=0.026. Cognitive impairment was higher among those who were illiterate, 5 (71.4%) and unemployed, 17 (60.7%), but not significant. Diabetes and hypertension were not found to be associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Prevalence of cognitive deficit was found to be high among the institutionalized elderly. EnglishCognitive impairment, Institutionalized elderly, Prevalencehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=199http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=199

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2014December13HealthcareSOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF PHLEBOTOMUS ARGENTIPES AND ITS RELATION TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: A LABORATORY BASED STUDY English1014Shreekant KesariEnglish Rakesh MandalEnglish Vijay KumarEnglish Pradeep DasEnglishLaboratory-based soil productivity of apparent breeding sites of Phlebotomus argentipes and soil characterization was studied in a kala-azar endemic region of north Bihar. Soil samples were taken from human dwellings, cattlesheds and outdoor places. The soil productivity rate (SPR) of adult P. argentipes was calculated from each soil group. Physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were explored and correlation analysis was executed with the SPR for adult P. argentipes. Result showed that soil samples that were collected from goat shed was found to be most productive for the P. argentipes followed by buffalo shed, cowshed and human dwelling. SPR for P. argentipes established a positive correlation with the soil properties like pH (r=0.48, p= 0.00), Ca (r=0.32, p= 0.019), Mg (r=0.12, p= 0.359), K2 O (r=0.43, p= 0.00), P2 O5 (r=0.13, p= 0.850), water molecules (r=0.53, p= 0.00), sand(r=0.14, p= 0.30), and clay (r=0.47, p= 0.00). However, a weak and negative association was explored between SPR for P. argentipes and the soil components Al2 O3 (r= -0.14, p= 0.314), Fe2 O3 (r= -0.13, p= 0.345), N (r= -0.19, p= 0.114), and silt (r= -0.34, p= 0.03). Results of the study inferred that the abundance of P. argentipes depends to some extent on chemical and physical factors of their breeding places in soil EnglishSandfly, Breeding site, Soil productivity, Soil properties, Kala-azarhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=200http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=200