Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2024December8Pharmaceutical SciencesDevelopment and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Topical Gel Formulation Enriched with Herbal Extracts     English0106Madhukar ShendeEnglish Ravi KhatriEnglishMr. Madhukar Shende, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Patel University, Balaghat 481331, Madhya Pradesh, Indiahttps://doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2024.141201Aim: This study aims to formulate and evaluate herbal gel preparations incorporating various extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether) of Bougainvillea glabra to explore their potential as alternative treatments for acne, addressing the increasing resistance associated with conventional antimicrobial agents. Methodology: The herbal gel formulations (F1-F4) were prepared using Bougainvillea glabra extracts and subjected to a comprehensive evaluation, including physical characteristics, washability, skin irritation potential, spreadability, pH, viscosity, extrudability, swelling index, and accelerated stability, using standard protocols. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and the results were compared with a marketed herbal product and the standard drug Clindamycin. Results: Among the formulations, F2 exhibited optimal properties across the evaluated parameters. The extraction yield of Bougainvillea glabra was 11.21%. Antibacterial testing revealed that the aqueous extract exhibited minimal activity, while the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate activity. The petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest antibacterial efficacy among the extracts but remained less effective than Clindamycin. Formulations (F1-F4) mirrored the trends observed with the extracts but showed reduced antibacterial activity compared to the marketed herbal product. Conclusion: The herbal gel formulations containing Bougainvillea glabra extracts offer a potential alternative for acne treatment, with F2 showing the most promising results. While the petroleum ether extract demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, further optimization and in vivo studies are warranted to enhance their therapeutic potential and compare their efficacy with established products. EnglishBougainvillea glabra, Formulations, Acne, Characterization, Antimicrobial, Extracthttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=254http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2541. A. Vats and P. Sharma, “Formulation & evaluation of topical anti acne formulation of coriander oil,” International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 61–66, 2012. 2. A. J. Hayes and B. Markovic, “Toxicity of Australian essential oil Backhousia citriodora (Lemon myrtle). Part 1. Antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity,” Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 535–543, 2002. 3. H. Azimi, M. Fallah-Tafti, A. A. Khakshur, and M. Abdollahi, “A review of phytotherapy of Acne vulgaris: perspective of new pharmacological treatments,” Fitoterapia, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 1306–1317, 2012. 4. C. Hsu, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-Y. Li,W.-H.Wu, C.-J. Huang, and P.- J. Tsai, “Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppress Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation,” Food Chemistry, vol. 135, no. 3, pp. 976–984, 2012. 5. J. Saising and S. P. Voravuthikunchai, “Anti Propionibacterium acnes activity of rhodomyrtone, an effective compound from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. leaves,” Anaerobe, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 400–404, 2012. 6. S. Fu, C. Sun, X. Tao, and Y. Ren, “Anti-inammatory effects of active constituents extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs against Propionibacterium acnes,” Natural Product Research, vol. 26, no. 18, pp. 1746–1749, 2012. 7. V. Patil, A. Bandivadekar, and D. Debjani, “Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes lipase by extracts of Indian medicinal plants,” International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 234–239, 2012. 8. M. Kanlayavattanakul and N. Lourith, “Therapeutic agents and herbs in topical application for acne treatment,” International  Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 289–297, 2011. 9. R. K. Chaudhuri and F. Marchio, “Bakuchiol in the management of acne-affected skin,” Cosmetics & Toiletries Magazine, vol.126, no. 7, pp. 502–510, 2011. 10. T. Mahmood, N. Akhtar, B. A. Khan, H. M. S. Khan, and T. Saeed, “Outcomes of 3% green tea emulsion on skin sebum production in male volunteers,” Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 260–264, 2010. 11. Shivhare, R. S., Kamble, M. A., Mahapatra, D. K., Ingole, A. R., & Baheti, J. R. (2018). Development of mosquito repellant gel formulations from various natural volatile oils: comparative study with the marketed formulation odomos®. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 8(6), 106-110. 12. Roy, S., Bose, S., Sarkar, D., Mandal, S., Sarkar, S., & Mandal, S. K. (2020). Formulation and evaluation of anti-acne gel containing Murraya koeinigii extract. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 108-113. 13. Prasad, S. B., & Bist, M. (2018). In vitro anti acne activity of methanolic extract of dried fruit of Embelia ribes. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, 9(02), 148-152.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241EnglishN2024December8Pharmaceutical SciencesCurcumin-Cobalt Complex: Theoretical, Software-Oriented Safety, and Pharmacokinetics Investigations   English0715Khan Ziya KhanEnglish Ravi KhatriEnglishMr. Khan Ziya Khan, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Patel University, Balaghat 481331, Madhya Pradesh, Indiahttps://doi.org/10.31782/IJMPS.2024.141202Aim: To synthesize and evaluate a novel curcumin-cobalt complex to enhance curcumin’s stability, solubility, and pharmacokinetics, thereby overcoming its limitations in clinical applications. Methodology: The curcumin-cobalt complex was synthesized and subjected to theoretical investigations using molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) to analyze binding interactions and electronic properties. In silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analysis was conducted using various software tools to assess the complex’s pharmacokinetic profile and safety. Results: The curcumin-cobalt complex demonstrated improved stability and solubility compared to curcumin alone. Molecular docking and DFT studies revealed strong binding interactions and favorable electronic properties. In silico ADMET analysis indicated enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters, including better absorption and distribution, along with low toxicity potential. These findings suggest the complex as a promising candidate for therapeutic use with reduced metabolic limitations. Conclusion: The curcumin-cobalt complex successfully addresses curcumin’s bioavailability and stability issues, offering enhanced pharmacokinetic properties and a favorable safety profile. This research highlights the potential of metal complexation to optimize curcumin’s therapeutic efficacy. Future in vivo studies are necessary to validate these results and explore the complex’s potential in managing chronic diseases, expanding curcumin’s therapeutic applications. EnglishCurcumin-Cobalt Complex; Pharmacokinetics; Theoretical Investigations; Molecular Docking; ADMET Analysis; Bioavailability Enhancementhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=255http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2551. Schwietert CW, McCue JP. Coordination compounds in medicinal chemistry. Coord Chem Rev. 1999;184(1):67-89. 2. Barry NP, Sadler PJ. 100 years of metal coordination chemistry: from Alfred Werner to anticancer metallodrugs. Pure Appl Chem. 2014;86(12):1897-910. 3. Sodhi RK, Paul S. Metal complexes in medicine an overview and update from drug design perspective. Cancer Ther Oncol Int J. 2019;14(1):25-32. 4. Arulmurugan S, Kavitha HP, Venkatraman BR. Biological activities of Schiff base and its complexes: a review. Rasayan J Chem. 2010;3(3):385-410. 5. Da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Modolo LV, Alves RB, de Resende MA, Martins CV, de Fátima Â. Schiff bases: A short review of their antimicrobial activities. J Adv Res. 2011;2(1):1-8. 6. Abu-Dief AM, Mohamed IM. A review on versatile applications of transition metal complexes incorporating Schiff bases. Beni- Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2015;4(2):119-33. 7. Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, Temml V, Wang L, Schwaiger S, Heiss EH, Rollinger JM. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnol Adv. 2015;33(8):1582-614. 8. Harvey AL. Natural products in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today. 2008;13(19-20):894-901. 9. Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS. Curcumin: A review of its effects on human health. Foods. 2017;6(10):92. 10. Noorafshan A, Ashkani-Esfahani S. A review of therapeutic effects of curcumin. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(11):2032-46. 11. Maheshwari RK, Singh AK, Gaddipati J, Srimal RC. Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review. Life Sci. 2006;78(18):2081-7. 12. Akram M, Shahab-Uddin AA, Usmanghani KH, Hannan AB, Mohiuddin E, Asif M. Curcuma longa and curcumin: a review article. Rom J Biol Plant Biol. 2010;55(2):65-70. 13. Joshi A, Lehene S, Lasnapure B, Pawar S, Kandipati D, Panchal P. Investigation of antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and analgesic potential of a metal-curcumin complex. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol. 2023;396:1043–1052. 14. Bhattacharjee A, Bose S. Zinc curcumin complex on fluoride doped hydroxyapatite with enhanced biological properties for dental and orthopedic applications. J Mater Res. 2022;37(12):2009-20. 15. Katsipis, G.; Tsalouxidou, V.; Halevas, E.; Geromichalou, E.; Geromichalos, G.; Pantazaki, A.A. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the inhibitory effect of a curcumin-based Oxovanadium (IV) complex on alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial biofilm formation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2021, 105, 147–168. 16. Singh, A.; Dutta, P.K. Green synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of chitin glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles and its curcumin conjugation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 156, 514–521. 17. Das, S.; Mukhopadhyay, K.; Saha, T.; Kumar, P.; Sepay, N.; Ganguly, D.; Tiwari, K. Multitargeting antibacterial activity of a synthesized Mn2+ complex of curcumin on gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 16342– 16357. 18. Gholami, M.; Zeighami, H.; Bikas, R.; Heidari, A.; Rafiee, F.; Haghi, F. Inhibitory activity of metal-curcumin complexes on quorum sensing related virulence factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PAO1. AMB Express 2020, 10, 111–120. 19. Lyu, Y.; Yu, M.; Liu, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, Z.; Tian, Y.; Li, D.; Changdao, M. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using oxidized amylase and combination with curcumin for enhanced antibacterial activity. Carbohydr. Polym. 2020, 230, 115573. 20. Srivastava, P.; Shukla, M.; Kaul, G.; Chopra, S.; Patra, A.K. Rationally designed curcumin based Ruthenium(II) antimicrobials effective against drug-resistant: Staphylococcus aureus. Dalton Trans. 2019, 48, 11822–11828. 21. Papadimitriou, A.; Ketikidis, I.; Stathopoulou, M.E.K.; Banti, C.N.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Zoumpoulakis, L.; Agathopoulos, S.; Vagenas, G.V.; Hadjikakou, S.K. Innovative material containing the natural product curcumin, with enhanced antimicrobial properties for active packaging. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2018, 84, 118–122.